原子能时代70年

2015-07-20 15:27

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标签：原子能核弹原子弹

1945年7月16日，美军在新墨西哥州的白沙试验场引爆了世界上第一枚核能武器，试验代号为“Trinity”（三位一体）。释放出的能量约为2万吨TNT炸药，开启了原子能时代。此后，进行了2000多个核实验，大多数发生在1960到1970年代。因为是新技术，所以誓言进行得频繁且场面壮观，试验造出更多新型致命武器。1990年代以来，人们呼吁限制核试验。美国暂停核试验，联合国全面禁止核试验条约出台。核试验频率大大下降，但并没有完全停止。而如何安置因为核试验停止而退休的工程师也是个问题。（编译：nanako）

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           "note": "1957年7月15日内华达丝兰山脉核试验场冷却的火球。",
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        {
           "id": "AUVPU90O4T8F0001",
           "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-20/900x600_AUVPU90O4T8F0001.jpg",
           "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-20/t_AUVPU90O4T8F0001.jpg",
           "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-20/100x75_AUVPU90O4T8F0001.jpg",
           "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-20/AUVPU90O4T8F0001.jpg",
           "osize": {"w":1500,"h":1064},
           "title": "",
           "note": "1957年7月19日印第安泉空军基地，照片中的亮光是空对空核弹头爆炸后产生的。",
           "newsurl": "#"
        },
        {
           "id": "AUVPU9684T8F0001",
           "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-20/900x600_AUVPU9684T8F0001.jpg",
           "timg": "http://img2.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-20/t_AUVPU9684T8F0001.jpg",
           "simg": "http://img6.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-20/100x75_AUVPU9684T8F0001.jpg",
           "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-20/AUVPU9684T8F0001.jpg",
           "osize": {"w":1500,"h":1411},
           "title": "",
           "note": "普里西拉核爆蘑菇云，1957年6月24日。这是“铅垂行动”的系列爆炸之一。",
           "newsurl": "#"
        },
        {
           "id": "AUVPU9CD4T8F0001",
           "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-20/900x600_AUVPU9CD4T8F0001.jpg",
           "timg": "http://img6.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-20/t_AUVPU9CD4T8F0001.jpg",
           "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-20/100x75_AUVPU9CD4T8F0001.jpg",
           "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-20/AUVPU9CD4T8F0001.jpg",
           "osize": {"w":1500,"h":1021},
           "title": "",
           "note": "1957年5月28日，北约观察员们观看“铅垂行动”试验。",
           "newsurl": "#"
        },
        {
           "id": "AUVPU9H14T8F0001",
           "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-20/900x600_AUVPU9H14T8F0001.jpg",
           "timg": "http://img6.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-20/t_AUVPU9H14T8F0001.jpg",
           "simg": "http://img6.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-20/100x75_AUVPU9H14T8F0001.jpg",
           "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-20/AUVPU9H14T8F0001.jpg",
           "osize": {"w":1500,"h":1206},
           "title": "",
           "note": "1957年8月7日，这艘无人软式小型飞船在核爆点8公里处受冲击波影响坠落。",
           "newsurl": "#"
        },
        {
           "id": "AUVPU9N34T8F0001",
           "img": "http://img5.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-20/900x600_AUVPU9N34T8F0001.jpg",
           "timg": "http://img5.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-20/t_AUVPU9N34T8F0001.jpg",
           "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-20/100x75_AUVPU9N34T8F0001.jpg",
           "oimg": "http://img2.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-20/AUVPU9N34T8F0001.jpg",
           "osize": {"w":1500,"h":1483},
           "title": "",
           "note": "1958年，观察员们在观看“硬面饼一号”行动中的高热原子弹试验。",
           "newsurl": "#"
        },
        {
           "id": "AUVPU9SA4T8F0001",
           "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-20/900x600_AUVPU9SA4T8F0001.jpg",
           "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-20/t_AUVPU9SA4T8F0001.jpg",
           "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-20/100x75_AUVPU9SA4T8F0001.jpg",
           "oimg": "http://img6.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-20/AUVPU9SA4T8F0001.jpg",
           "osize": {"w":1500,"h":1016},
           "title": "",
           "note": "1962年，阿肯萨斯试验现场，作为多米尼克行动的一部分。多米尼克行动包含100度个核试验。",
           "newsurl": "#"
        },
        {
           "id": "AUVPUA2I4T8F0001",
           "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-20/900x600_AUVPUA2I4T8F0001.jpg",
           "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-20/t_AUVPUA2I4T8F0001.jpg",
           "simg": "http://img2.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-20/100x75_AUVPUA2I4T8F0001.jpg",
           "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-20/AUVPUA2I4T8F0001.jpg",
           "osize": {"w":1500,"h":1101},
           "title": "",
           "note": "1962年，阿兹台克试验的火球。",
           "newsurl": "#"
        },
        {
           "id": "AUVPUA6E4T8F0001",
           "img": "http://img5.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-20/900x600_AUVPUA6E4T8F0001.jpg",
           "timg": "http://img2.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-20/t_AUVPUA6E4T8F0001.jpg",
           "simg": "http://img6.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-20/100x75_AUVPUA6E4T8F0001.jpg",
           "oimg": "http://img5.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-20/AUVPUA6E4T8F0001.jpg",
           "osize": {"w":1500,"h":1013},
           "title": "",
           "note": "1962年Fishbowl Bluegill行动，这是一颗40万吨级核弹在太平洋上空58公里的大气中爆炸",
           "newsurl": "#"
        },
        {
           "id": "AUVPUAAS4T8F0001",
           "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-20/900x600_AUVPUAAS4T8F0001.jpg",
           "timg": "http://img6.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-20/t_AUVPUAAS4T8F0001.jpg",
           "simg": "http://img6.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-20/100x75_AUVPUAAS4T8F0001.jpg",
           "oimg": "http://img6.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-20/AUVPUAAS4T8F0001.jpg",
           "osize": {"w":1500,"h":1010},
           "title": "",
           "note": "1962年Yeso核试验蘑菇云。",
           "newsurl": "#"
        },
        {
           "id": "AUVPUAH84T8F0001",
           "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-20/900x600_AUVPUAH84T8F0001.jpg",
           "timg": "http://img2.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-20/t_AUVPUAH84T8F0001.jpg",
           "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-20/100x75_AUVPUAH84T8F0001.jpg",
           "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-20/AUVPUAH84T8F0001.jpg",
           "osize": {"w":1500,"h":1081},
           "title": "",
           "note": "赛丹弹坑是内华达试验场一次地下193米10万吨级爆炸留下的塌陷。反应置换掉1200万吨土壤。弹坑深97米，直径390米。",
           "newsurl": "#"
        },
        {
           "id": "AUVPUAMD4T8F0001",
           "img": "http://img6.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-20/900x600_AUVPUAMD4T8F0001.jpg",
           "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-20/t_AUVPUAMD4T8F0001.jpg",
           "simg": "http://img5.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-20/100x75_AUVPUAMD4T8F0001.jpg",
           "oimg": "http://img5.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-20/AUVPUAMD4T8F0001.jpg",
           "osize": {"w":1500,"h":1011},
           "title": "",
           "note": "1971年，法属玻利尼西亚，法国核试验。",
           "newsurl": "#"
        },
        {
           "id": "AUVPUASJ4T8F0001",
           "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-20/900x600_AUVPUASJ4T8F0001.jpg",
           "timg": "http://img6.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-20/t_AUVPUASJ4T8F0001.jpg",
           "simg": "http://img6.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-20/100x75_AUVPUASJ4T8F0001.jpg",
           "oimg": "http://img5.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-20/AUVPUASJ4T8F0001.jpg",
           "osize": {"w":1500,"h":1009},
           "title": "",
           "note": "1971年，法属玻利尼西亚，法国核试验。",
           "newsurl": "#"
        },
        {
           "id": "AUVPUB194T8F0001",
           "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-20/900x600_AUVPUB194T8F0001.jpg",
           "timg": "http://img2.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-20/t_AUVPUB194T8F0001.jpg",
           "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-20/100x75_AUVPUB194T8F0001.jpg",
           "oimg": "http://img2.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2015-07-20/AUVPUB194T8F0001.jpg",
           "osize": {"w":1500,"h":939},
           "title": "",
           "note": "1955年5月5日，距离2.9万吨级核爆点2公里完好无损的的\"幸存屋\"。",
           "newsurl": "#"
        } 
    ]
}